How Medications Can Affect Your Eye Health: What You Need to Know

When we think about medication side effects, we often focus on issues like fatigue, nausea, or dizziness. But did you know that many common medications can also affect your eyes? From dry eyes to vision changes, drug-related eye side effects can range from mild to serious—and sometimes, they may be the first sign of a larger systemic issue. Whether you are managing a chronic condition or just taking antibiotics short-term, it’s important to understand how medications may impact your eye health.

1. Dry Eyes and Irritation

One of the most common side effects of medications on the eyes is dry eye syndrome. This occurs when tear production is reduced or the composition of tears is altered. Common culprits include:

• Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine, loratadine)
• Decongestants
• Antidepressants, especially SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
• Beta blockers for blood pressure
• Oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Dry eyes may cause burning, grittiness, blurred vision, and discomfort—especially when staring at screens or in dry environments.

2. Changes in Vision

Several medications can cause blurred or double vision. These effects might be temporary or signal something more serious. Drugs known to cause visual disturbances include:

• Corticosteroids – can raise intraocular pressure, potentially leading to glaucoma with long-term use.
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) – can lead to retinal toxicity if used over long periods.
• Isotretinoin (Accutane) – often prescribed for acne, can cause night vision problems and dry eyes.
• Topiramate, a medication for epilepsy and migraines – has been associated with acute angle-closure glaucoma.

3. Light Sensitivity (Photophobia)

Some drugs can make your eyes more sensitive to light. This side effect is often temporary but can be distressing. Medications that may cause photophobia include:

• Tetracyclines (antibiotics)
• Amiodarone (for heart rhythm problems)
• Diuretics like furosemide
• Antipsychotic medications

4. Eye Inflammation and Allergic Reactions

In rare cases, medications can lead to eye inflammation (uveitis) or allergic reactions affecting the eyelids or conjunctiva. For example:

• Bisphosphonates (used for osteoporosis) have been linked to ocular inflammation.
• Sulfa drugs and some antibiotics can cause conjunctival irritation or swelling.

5. Long-Term Risks: Cataracts and Glaucoma

Long-term use of systemic or topical corticosteroids can increase the risk of both cataracts and glaucoma, especially with prolonged or high-dose therapy. It’s crucial to have regular eye exams if you’re on these medications.

Tips to Protect Your Eye Health While on Medication

• Report symptoms early: Don’t ignore vision changes, eye pain, or light sensitivity.
• Schedule regular eye exams, especially if you’re on high-risk medications.
• Stay hydrated, and consider artificial tears if dry eyes are a problem.
• Use sunglasses to reduce light sensitivity and protect against UV exposure.
• Consult both your doctor and an eye care specialist if you’re prescribed new medications.

Our eyes are sensitive organs that can be affected by systemic medications in surprising ways. Being aware of potential side effects—and taking proactive steps to monitor your eye health—can help prevent minor issues from becoming serious problems. If you notice anything unusual, always consult with your healthcare provider or an eye specialist promptly.